What Is Fifth Disease?
Fifth disease is a common childhood illness caused by parvovirus B19. It gets its name because it was the fifth in a historical list of common childhood rash illnesses. The hallmark is a bright red rash on both cheeks that looks like the child was slapped — which is why it's also called "slapped cheek syndrome."
Symptoms
- Phase 1 (before rash): Mild cold symptoms — low fever, runny nose, headache, fatigue. This is when the child is most contagious
- Phase 2: Bright red rash on both cheeks ("slapped cheek" appearance)
- Phase 3: Lacy, pink rash spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs. May come and go for weeks
- The rash may worsen with heat, sun, or baths
What Parents Can Do at Home
- Treat symptoms. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever or discomfort
- Keep your child hydrated
- Rest as needed
- The rash is not itchy for most children, but if it is, cool baths or antihistamines may help
- No specific antiviral treatment is needed — the body clears the infection on its own
When to Call the Pediatrician
- Your child has a chronic blood disorder (like sickle cell disease)
- Your child has a weakened immune system
- A pregnant woman in the household is exposed
- Your child seems unusually pale, tired, or unwell
- The rash doesn't match the typical pattern
Key Takeaways
- Fifth disease is common, mild, and self-resolving in healthy children
- The "slapped cheek" rash is the hallmark sign
- By the time the rash appears, your child is usually no longer contagious
- No specific treatment is needed — just symptom management
- Notify your doctor if pregnant women are exposed
